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OS4C-1：DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRATE MONITORING AND WARNING TECHNNIQUES
发布时间:2014-07-28
Jinhai YANG1, 2, Antonin CHAPOY1, 2, Saeid MAZLOUM2, Chukwunyelu CHUKWUKA1,
Bahman TOHIDI1, 2
Centre for Gas Hydrate Research1 & Hydrafact Ltd2, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UNITED KINGDOM
Gas hydrate blockages often cause impeded flow in transport pipelines of offshore gas and oil production and pose serious risks to facilities and personnel. The most popular measure to prevent hydrate blockage is utilisation of various hydrate inhibitors. Typically, hydrate inhibitors are injected at the upstream of the pipelines and the inhibitor dosage of the deployed hydrate inhibitor is determined according to approximate assessment of the flowing conditions including the fluid temperature and pressure, water cut, and the hydrocarbon composition in the pipeline. Currently, it is a common case that the inhibitor dosage is determined based on the worst temperature and pressure conditions, possibly high water cut as there are almost no alternative means to monitor the actual degree of inhibition or to detect signs of early hydrate formation along the pipeline, resulting in unnecessarily high cost of severe impact to the environment.
A joint industry project (JIP), called “Hydrate Monitoring and Early Warning Systems”, has been carried out since 2005 at Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University. It aims at developing two types of techniques: (1) techniques to monitor hydrate safety margin for optimizing inhibitor injection rates; (2) techniques to detect signs of initial hydrate formation for providing early warning to the operators. As a result of more than 8 years research a number of techniques have been developed such as water content method, water activity method, freezing point depression method, conductivity-velocity method, and conductivity-velocity-density method for hydrate monitoring, compositional change method and tracer method for hydrate warning. Among them the conductivity technique and compositional change technique have been commercialised. This communication provides an update on the development of the hydrate monitoring and warning techniques.
Bahman TOHIDI1, 2
Centre for Gas Hydrate Research1 & Hydrafact Ltd2, Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UNITED KINGDOM
Gas hydrate blockages often cause impeded flow in transport pipelines of offshore gas and oil production and pose serious risks to facilities and personnel. The most popular measure to prevent hydrate blockage is utilisation of various hydrate inhibitors. Typically, hydrate inhibitors are injected at the upstream of the pipelines and the inhibitor dosage of the deployed hydrate inhibitor is determined according to approximate assessment of the flowing conditions including the fluid temperature and pressure, water cut, and the hydrocarbon composition in the pipeline. Currently, it is a common case that the inhibitor dosage is determined based on the worst temperature and pressure conditions, possibly high water cut as there are almost no alternative means to monitor the actual degree of inhibition or to detect signs of early hydrate formation along the pipeline, resulting in unnecessarily high cost of severe impact to the environment.
A joint industry project (JIP), called “Hydrate Monitoring and Early Warning Systems”, has been carried out since 2005 at Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University. It aims at developing two types of techniques: (1) techniques to monitor hydrate safety margin for optimizing inhibitor injection rates; (2) techniques to detect signs of initial hydrate formation for providing early warning to the operators. As a result of more than 8 years research a number of techniques have been developed such as water content method, water activity method, freezing point depression method, conductivity-velocity method, and conductivity-velocity-density method for hydrate monitoring, compositional change method and tracer method for hydrate warning. Among them the conductivity technique and compositional change technique have been commercialised. This communication provides an update on the development of the hydrate monitoring and warning techniques.
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