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OS3C-6：TREATMENT OF PRODUCED WATER CONTAINING KHI BY WET AIR OXIDATION
发布时间:2014-07-28
Bryan KUMFER1, Mark CLARK1, Stuart COOK2, Tim GARZA2, Steve JACKSON2
1. Siemens Energy, Inc., USA; 2. Baker Hughes Incorporated, USA
The use of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) offers operational and economic advantages, compared to other hydrate prevention methods, in the production of natural gas. However, KHIs exhibit potential insolubility at moderately elevated temperatures, raising concerns about water reinjection.
There are currently limited options for the disposal of produced waters containing KHI components. Some countries limit the reinjection of produced waters back into the formation due to insolubility and potential formation plugging at reservoir conditions. KHI active components have limited biodegradability, eliminating the possibility of using conventional biological wastewater treatment practices. KHIs also have a fouling potential that limits the use of membrane technologies to treatment of produced waters containing KHI.
Wet air oxidation (WAO) is an aqueous oxidation process used to break down complex organics. WAO can effectively treat KHIs in produced water, converting them to carbon dioxide and simple short-chain organic acids such as acetic acid. The WAO process can be used as a standalone treatment technology to destroy KHIs, thereby enabling deep-well injection of the oxidized produced water. The WAO process can also be enhanced by the use of catalyst to achieve almost complete destruction of all organics contained in the produced water.
Alternatively, WAO can be used as a pretreatment technology to break down the KHI products, producing a biodegradable effluent and substantially reducing the overall chemical oxygen demand of the produced water. This biodegradable effluent can then be polished by conventional biological processes for reuse applications.
This paper presents bench scale and pilot scale data to show the effectiveness of WAO technology for the treatment of produced waters containing KHI, by non-catalytic and catalytic WAO processes. The paper will also include biological treatment data of the non-catalytic WAO-treated produced waters.
1. Siemens Energy, Inc., USA; 2. Baker Hughes Incorporated, USA
The use of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) offers operational and economic advantages, compared to other hydrate prevention methods, in the production of natural gas. However, KHIs exhibit potential insolubility at moderately elevated temperatures, raising concerns about water reinjection.
There are currently limited options for the disposal of produced waters containing KHI components. Some countries limit the reinjection of produced waters back into the formation due to insolubility and potential formation plugging at reservoir conditions. KHI active components have limited biodegradability, eliminating the possibility of using conventional biological wastewater treatment practices. KHIs also have a fouling potential that limits the use of membrane technologies to treatment of produced waters containing KHI.
Wet air oxidation (WAO) is an aqueous oxidation process used to break down complex organics. WAO can effectively treat KHIs in produced water, converting them to carbon dioxide and simple short-chain organic acids such as acetic acid. The WAO process can be used as a standalone treatment technology to destroy KHIs, thereby enabling deep-well injection of the oxidized produced water. The WAO process can also be enhanced by the use of catalyst to achieve almost complete destruction of all organics contained in the produced water.
Alternatively, WAO can be used as a pretreatment technology to break down the KHI products, producing a biodegradable effluent and substantially reducing the overall chemical oxygen demand of the produced water. This biodegradable effluent can then be polished by conventional biological processes for reuse applications.
This paper presents bench scale and pilot scale data to show the effectiveness of WAO technology for the treatment of produced waters containing KHI, by non-catalytic and catalytic WAO processes. The paper will also include biological treatment data of the non-catalytic WAO-treated produced waters.
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