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OS3C-8：THE RETURN OF KINETIC HYDRATE INHIBITORS
发布时间:2014-07-28
Bahman TOHIDI1,2, R. ANDERSON1,2, H. MOZAFFAR2, F. TOHIDI 1
1. Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, U.K.; 2. Hydrafact Ltd., Quantum Court, Heriot-Watt University Research Park, U.K.
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) have been serving the petroleum industry for a number of years. They are normally used at dose rates less than 3% of the produced water, resulting in considerable savings. However, several uncertainties and challenges prevented their wide-spread usage, including; lack of consistent test protocol, repeatability of test results, performance of KHIs in shut-in conditions, potential risk of hydrate formation at top of the pipeline, relatively low cloud point which can cause problem in produced water re-injection (PWRI) or MEG regeneration schemes.
In this communications, we present the latest developments related to KHIs, including; the results of a testing technique based on crystal growth inhibition which produces reliable and repeatable results, KHI performance under shut-in conditions, risk of hydrates at top of a pipeline, a technique for removing KHIs from produced water prior to PWRI or MEG regeneration. We will also demonstrate that it is possible to predict the potential suitability of KHI based solution for any specific field application prior to even starting the experimental campaign and/or designing KHI + THI combination. The results show that MEG is an excellent synergist for all KHIs investigated, and 1% KHI can replace large quantities of MEG.
Considering the fact almost all operational challenges and uncertainties associated KHIs have been addressed and excellent opportunities in combining KHIs with MEG, we expect a resurgence KHI as a reliable and economical option for preventing gas hydrate problems. This could have significant economical and environmental impact, as well as extending the life of petroleum reservoirs.
1. Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, U.K.; 2. Hydrafact Ltd., Quantum Court, Heriot-Watt University Research Park, U.K.
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) have been serving the petroleum industry for a number of years. They are normally used at dose rates less than 3% of the produced water, resulting in considerable savings. However, several uncertainties and challenges prevented their wide-spread usage, including; lack of consistent test protocol, repeatability of test results, performance of KHIs in shut-in conditions, potential risk of hydrate formation at top of the pipeline, relatively low cloud point which can cause problem in produced water re-injection (PWRI) or MEG regeneration schemes.
In this communications, we present the latest developments related to KHIs, including; the results of a testing technique based on crystal growth inhibition which produces reliable and repeatable results, KHI performance under shut-in conditions, risk of hydrates at top of a pipeline, a technique for removing KHIs from produced water prior to PWRI or MEG regeneration. We will also demonstrate that it is possible to predict the potential suitability of KHI based solution for any specific field application prior to even starting the experimental campaign and/or designing KHI + THI combination. The results show that MEG is an excellent synergist for all KHIs investigated, and 1% KHI can replace large quantities of MEG.
Considering the fact almost all operational challenges and uncertainties associated KHIs have been addressed and excellent opportunities in combining KHIs with MEG, we expect a resurgence KHI as a reliable and economical option for preventing gas hydrate problems. This could have significant economical and environmental impact, as well as extending the life of petroleum reservoirs.
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